All About ADHD Medication

^{(Note: The Neuroverse team are not medical professionals, nor do they have bias towards medicating, please seek medical advice if you have any questions.)}

If we’re honest, no parent WANTS their child to be on medication. However, it’s researched that earlier intervention is critical for long term success. So, if you’re on the route of medication, it’s good to know what you’re in for.

Here we go…

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) medications can be broadly categorized into two main types: stimulants and non-stimulants. Each type has its own mechanism of action, benefits, and potential side effects.

STIMULANTS

How they work:

Stimulants are the most common and widely used medications for ADHD. They primarily affect neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. Stimulants enhance the activity of these neurotransmitters, improving focus, attention, and impulse control.

Benefits:

Stimulant medications are often effective in managing ADHD symptoms, providing quick relief for many individuals. They can enhance concentration, reduce hyperactivity, help with emotional regulation and improve impulse control. Check out the article on ADHD medication helping with emotional regulation here.

Side Effects:

Common side effects include insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss, increased heart rate, and potential mood changes. Long-term effects on growth in children are a topic of ongoing research.

Common Stimulant Medications Available:

Methylphenidate (e.g. Ritalin, Concerta, Mefedinel, RADD)

It’s a central nervous system stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, increasing their levels in the brain. This helps regulate attention and impulse control.

Forms: Available in various formulations, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets, as well as transdermal patches.

Amphetamine-based medications (e.g. Vyvanse)

Amphetamines stimulate the release of dopamine and norepinephrine while inhibiting their reuptake. This leads to increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain, improving attention and focus.

Forms: Available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations. Vyvanse is a prodrug, meaning it is inactive until metabolized in the body, providing a smoother and longer-lasting effect.

NOTE:

It’s important to note that individual responses to stimulant medications can vary, and finding the right medication and dosage often involves a trial-and-error process under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Regular monitoring, open communication with the healthcare provider, and careful consideration of potential side effects are crucial components of managing ADHD with stimulant medications.

NON-STIMULANTS

How they work:

Non-stimulant medications typically target different neurotransmitters or pathways in the brain. They may affect norepinephrine or other chemicals to help regulate attention and hyperactivity.

Benefits:

Non-stimulant medications are often considered when stimulants are not well-tolerated or if there are concerns about their potential for abuse. They may also be used as an alternative for specific medical conditions.

Side Effects:

Non-stimulant medications may cause side effects such as fatigue, stomach upset and mood swings. Some less common side effects include suicidal thoughts, allergic reactions and jaundice. Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored for medications like guanfacine and clonidine.

Common Non-Stimulant Medications:

Atomoxetine (Strattera, Inir, Atteze, Atastrat)

Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). It increases the levels of norepinephrine in the brain by blocking its reuptake, which helps regulate attention and impulse control.

Guanfacine (Not available in South Africa)

Guanfacine and clonidine are alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. They act by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex, leading to increased norepinephrine levels. This helps regulate certain brain functions related to attention and impulsivity.

Clonidine (Dixarit, Monograine, Iopidine)

Abrupt withdrawal can lead to rebound hypertension, so dosage adjustments should be done gradually under medical supervision.

It’s crucial to note that the effectiveness and side effects of non-stimulant medications can vary among individuals. Healthcare providers will consider the patient’s specific symptoms, medical history, and potential contraindications when deciding on the most appropriate treatment. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare professional are essential to address any concerns and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

FINDING THE RIGHT MEDICATION

It’s important to note that individual responses to ADHD medications can vary, and finding the right medication and dosage often involves trial and error under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Additionally, comprehensive treatment plans for ADHD may include behavioural therapies, educational support, and lifestyle modifications alongside medication. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider are essential to manage and adjust treatment effectively.

For Tips and Tricks when it comes to ADHD medication CLICK HERE